Prevalence of diabetes in the United States top
Total: 20.8 million people--7.0 percent of the population--have diabetes.
Diagnosed: 14.6 million people
Undiagnosed: 6.2 million people
Incidences of diabetes top
New cases diagnosed per year: 1.5 million.
Deaths among people with diabetes top
Studies have found death rates to be twice as high among middle-aged people with diabetes as among middle-aged people without diabetes.
Based on death certificate data, diabetes contributed to 224,092 deaths in 2002.
Diabetes was the sixth leading cause of death listed on U.S. death certificates in 2002.
Diabetes is believed to be underreported on death certificates, both as a condition and as a cause of death.
Diabetes by age top
Age 60 years or older: 10.3 million. 20.9 percent of all people in this age group have diabetes.
Age 20 years or older: 20.6 million. 9.6 percent of all people in this age group have diabetes.
Under age 20: 176,500. 0.22 percent of all people in this age group have diabetes.
Diabetes by sex in people 20 years or older top
Men: 10.9 million. 10.5 percent of all men have diabetes.
Women: 9.7 million. 8.8 percent of all women have diabetes.
Diabetes by race/ethnicity in people 20 years or older top
Non-Hispanic whites: 13.1 million. 8.7 percent of all non-Hispanic whites have diabetes.
Non-Hispanic blacks: 3.2 million. 13.3 percent of all non-Hispanic blacks have diabetes. On average, non-Hispanic blacks are 1.7 times as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age.
Mexican Americans: 2.5 million. 9.5 percent of all Mexican Americans have diabetes. On average, Mexican Americans are 2.0 times as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age.
Other Hispanic/Latino Americans: On average, Hispanic/Latino Americans are almost twice as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age. (Sufficient data are not currently available to derive more specific estimates.)
American Indians and Alaska Natives: 15.1 percent of American Indians and Alaska Natives have diagnosed diabetes. On average, American Indians and Alaska Natives are 2.3 times as likely to have diagnosed diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age.
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Prevalence data for diabetes among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are limited. Some groups within this population are at increased risk for diabetes. For example, data collected from 2002 suggest that Native Hawaiians are twice as likely to have diagnosed diabetes as white residents of Hawaii.
The four types of diabetes top
Type 1 diabetes was previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type 1 diabetes may account for 5 to 10 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors are less well defined for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, but autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development of this type of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes was previously called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. Type 2 diabetes may account for about 90 to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, prior history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and some Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are at particularly high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes develops in 2 to 5 percent of all pregnancies but disappears when a pregnancy is over. Gestational diabetes occurs more frequently in African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and persons with a family history of diabetes. Obesity is also associated with higher risk. Women who have had gestational diabetes are at increased risk for later developing type 2 diabetes. In some studies, nearly 40 percent of women with a history of gestational diabetes developed diabetes in the future.
"Other specific types" of diabetes result from specific genetic syndromes, surgery, drugs, malnutrition, infections, and other illnesses. Such types of diabetes may account for 1 to 2 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Complications of diabetes Heart disease top
Heart disease is the leading cause of diabetes-related deaths. Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about 2 to 4 times as high as those of adults without diabetes.
Stroke: The risk of stroke is 2 to 4 times higher in people with diabetes.
High blood pressure: An estimated 73 percent of people with diabetes have high blood pressure greater than or equal to 130/80 mm Hg.
Blindness: Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults 20 to 74 years old. Diabetic retinopathy causes from 12,000 to 24,000 new cases of blindness each year.
Kidney disease: Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, accounting for about 44 percent of new cases. 44,400 people with diabetes developed end-stage renal disease in 2002. In 2002, a total of 153,730 people with diabetes underwent dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Nervous system disease: About 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage (which often includes impaired sensation or pain in the feet or hands, slowed digestion of food in the stomach, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other nerve problems). Severe forms of diabetic nerve disease are a major contributing cause of lower extremity amputations.
Amputations: More than 60 percent of non-traumatic lower limb amputations in the United States occur among people with diabetes. In 2001, about 82,000 amputations were performed each year among people with diabetes.
Dental disease: Periodontal disease (a type of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss) occurs with greater frequency and severity among people with diabetes. Almost 1/3 of people with diabetes, 7.8 million people, have sever periodontal disease with loss of teeth attached to gums.
Complications of pregnancy: The rate of major congenital malformations in babies born to women with preexisting diabetes varies from 5 to 10 percent among women who receive preconception care to 15 to 20 percent among women who do not receive preconception care. Between 15 and 20 percent of pregnancies among women with diabetes result in death of the newborn.
Other complications: Diabetes can directly cause acute life-threatening events, such as diabetic ketoacidosis* and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.*
People with diabetes are more susceptible to many other illnesses. For example, they are more likely to die of pneumonia or influenza than people who do not have diabetes.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma are medical conditions that can result from biochemical imbalance in uncontrolled diabetes.
Cost top
Total (direct and indirect): $132 billion (United States, 2002).
Direct medical costs: $92 billion.
Indirect costs: $40 billion (disability, work loss, premature mortality).
Estimates cited are based on all health care costs incurred by people with diabetes, including costs not resulting from diabetes. |
